NOTE: THIS IS UPDATED TO THE LATEST EDITION OF MLA STYLE, RELEASED IN SPRING 2021.
Modern Language Association (MLA) style is used by the humanities and is intended for research and analysis based from an objective point of view. Researchers in MLA disciplines focus on the precise language of evidence. MLA uses in-text citation of evidence and focuses on authors and text sources. Disciplines that use MLA include literature, film, theatre, communications, and language studies... including this website.
Like all citation style guides, MLA citations provide readers with the three things they need to find the original source:
Like all citation style guides, MLA citations provide readers with the three things they need to find the original source:
WHO MADE THE SOURCE? WHAT IS IT CALLED? WHERE CAN I FIND IT?
...or, in the words of the MLA Handbook:
AUTHOR. TITLE. CONTAINER.
AUTHORS: WHO MADE THE SOURCE
In MLA style, the first part of a source citation is the name of the creator of the work. This is usually the one or two individuals that wrote the text but can sometimes be playwrights, musicians, artists, governments, corporations, and editors that cultivate works to be included in an anthology of works. Here are the rules around how authors are listed in MLA citations:
The author is listed with their surname followed by a comma followed by their given name (and middle initial if used) followed by a period. Any honorifics like Ms., Dr., or Rev. are dropped:
Barry, Max. Jennifer Government. Doubleday, 2003. If there are two authors, the first is listed with their surname followed by a comma followed by their given name followed by a comma. Then the word and (never the symbol &) and the second name written as given name then surname followed by a period. The order of the two authors in the citation should match the order provided in the original text:
Dubner, Stephen J., and Steven Levitt. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. William Morrow and Co., 2005. If there are three or more authors, the first is listed with their surname followed by a comma followed by their given name followed by a comma. Then the phrase et al. (Latin for et alia, meaning and others). The author in the citation should be the first author name provided in the original text:
Bruder, Melissa, et al. A Practical Handbook for the Actor. Vintage, 1986. If the author is from a country where family names are written before given names (such as China, Japan, Thailand, and both Koreas), the author's name is not inverted nor is a comma added:
Baek Se-hee. I Want to Die but I Want to Eat Tteokbokki: Conversations with My Psychiatrist. 2018. Translated by Anton Hur, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2024. Some authors may use a non-traditional name without a given name and surname: examples include 2Chainz, Madonna, Queen Latifa, King Charles III, and St. Francis of Assisi. For such names, list their name followed by a period without any inversion and make sure the first letter of their name is capitalized:
Deadmau5. "Ghosts 'n' Stuff." For Lack of a Better Name, Mau5trap / Ultra Records, 2009. Some authors publish under a pseudonym that is not their real name but follows the typical given name surname form. For example, Samuel Clements wrote exclusively as Mark Twain, and a citation listing him as an author would follow the usual format: Twain, Mark. However, some writers published under two different names, like how Stephen King wrote some stories as Richard Backman. This is also true of authors who published some works with a maiden name and some books with a married name as well as trans authors that published some work under their dead name and some under their chosen name. If the writer thinks that the writer's more recent or well-known name should be included for the sake of clarity, they can add a parenthetical stating the name the work was "published as" using brackets:
Roberts, Nora [published as J.D. Robb]. Naked in Death. Berkeley, 1995. If a social media post or other internet media is posted by an author who is better known by their screenname, the screenname should be enclosed in brackets after the author's name but before the period:
Johnson, Kylie Roseanne [@HauntedHippieHorror]. "On the outside looking in... 2 more days until the release of Somnum." Instagram, 4 July 2022, 7:53 p.m. MST, instagram.com/p/CfnOOgsFVs9. Some authors are not individuals but a groups called corporate authors. Some corporate authors include musical acts like The Beatles and organizations like The Modern Language Association. When citing these authors, leave off any articles (a, an, the) that start their name:
Black Keys. "Lonely Boy." El Camino, Nonesuch Records, 2011. There is one exception to this: if the corporate author is the same as the publisher, leave the author spot completely empty: "Chapter Five: The List of Works Cited." MLA Handbook. 9th ed., Modern Language Association, 2021. If the government is the author, list the government agency that produced the document as the author (Center for Disease Control, US Dept. of Labor). If there is no clear agency responsible, like in the case of a Congressional bill or Supreme Court decision, list the body politic in question followed by a comma, then the branch of government followed by a comma, then the house of that branch if applicable followed by a period:
Colorado, General Assembly, State Senate. Repeal the Death Penalty. Colorado General Assembly, leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb20-100. 72nd General Assembly, 2nd Session, Senate Bill 20-100, passed 23 March 2020. Some texts, like those that are highly collaborative like films or are published anonymously, have no author. For these texts, just skip the author spot completely in the citation--do not list the author as "anonymous" even if that is who is listed as the author on the text itself:
Diary of an Oxygen Thief. 2006. Gallery Books, 2014. |
Can Generative AI Be an Author?
No--authors can only be people. Generative AI does not creating writing so much as it assembles fragments of the writing of others contained in its learning model library. Thus, Generative AI programs are considered containers akin to apps rather than authors. To cite an entry by Generative AI, the author spot is skipped, the title should consist of the prompt given to the AI, and the container must contain the AI's name, its version, the date the text was generated, and the site location of the AI:
"Please describe what zebra symbolizes in The Art of Racing in the Rain by Garth Stein." Google Gemini, basic version, 18 March 2024, gemini.google.com.
"Please describe what zebra symbolizes in The Art of Racing in the Rain by Garth Stein." Google Gemini, basic version, 18 March 2024, gemini.google.com.
TITLE: WHAT THE SOURCE IS
In MLA style, the second part of a source citation is a listing of what the source is. Most of the time, this is the title of the work, but in some cases, this could be a description or text from the source. Titles are always capitalized using title case, meaning that the first word of the title is always capitalized and every other word is capitalized unless it is an article (a, and, the), a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), or a preposition.
The title of a book, film, play, artwork, or other text that's considered whole is usually self-contained and listed after the author in italics followed by a period. The title must follow the standard conventions of capitalization (i.e., caps all words except articles, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions):
Barry, Max. Jennifer Government. Doubleday, 2003. The exceptions to this are scripture, supreme governing documents, and orchestral compositions identified by form, number, and key, which get no formatting: The Torah. Edited by Jewish Publication Society of America, 14th ed., Henry Holt, 2004. If the text contains a subtitle, the subtitle should come directly after the title but separated from it by a colon. The subtitle should follow the same capitalization conventions and formatting of the title:
Miller, Brian Craig. Empty Sleeves: Amputation in the Civil War South. U of Georgia P, 2015. For a complete text is inside a container and not self-contained, like a play in an anthology or a film in a collection, the title is still listed after the author in italics followed by a period. The title must follow the standard conventions of capitalization (i.e., caps all words except articles, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions):
Aristophanes. Lysistrata. 411 BCE. The Works of Aristophanes. Edited by Lawrence T. Whitmore. U Publishing, 1988, pp. 194--247. The title of an article, short story, poem, song, web page, or other text that's considered a smaller part of a larger whole is listed after the author and enclosed in quotation marks. The title must follow the standard conventions of capitalization (i.e., caps all words except articles, prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions) A period follows the last word but is contained inside the quotation mark:
Masters, Edgar Lee. "Fiddler Jones." Spoon River Anthology. 1915. Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. 61. Many books also have sections that are not considered a part of a larger text (like a chapter or shorts story) but supplement the text--these supplements include Introductions, Forewords, Afterwords, Prefaces, Acknowledgements, Appendences, Indexes, and Discussion Guides (a popular feature in in Book Club editions of novels). If the text is one of these supplemental sections, the type of section is listed after the author with no italics or quotation marks followed by a period:
Obejas, Achy. Introduction. Days of Awe, Ballantine Books, 2021, pp. ix--xi. This same principle also applies to text supplements to non-text media: Barenaked Ladies. Booklet. One: All Their Greatest Hits 1991-2001, Reprise, 2006. Audio CD. Occasionally, the supplemental text has a different author than the text. In this case, the title gets a broader description of "Section to Title of Book by Book's Author (with name not inverted)" followed by a period: Gaiman, Neil. Introduction to Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. 1953. 60th anniversary ed., Simon and Schuster, 2013, pp. xi--xvi. Regardless of if it is a complete work or part of a whole, if the title ends in a question mark or exclamation point, the period that usually follows the last word in the title is left out:
Albee, Edward. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1962. Rev. ed., Berkley, 2006. If the title is written in a foreign language but the text is in English, and the writer wants to include the English translation of the title, the writer can add the translation after the original title in brackets but before the period:
Diaz, Junot. "Aguantando" ["Holding On"]. Drown. Riverhead Books, 1996. If the title is longer than ten words, the author may choose to truncate it with an ellipses followed by a period (i.e., four dots with spaces between them):
Kean, Sam. The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons: The History of the . . . . Back Bay Books, 2015. If the work has no title, the author should create a brief description of what the source is. This description could include the type of media or the first few words of the text (like the first line of a poem. These descriptions should not exceed ten words (unless quoting an entire social media post) and should not follow title capitalization conventions, though it should end with a period:
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CONTAINER: WHERE THE SOURCE CAN BE FOUND
In MLA style, the final and most complex part of a source citation is a description of its container, or the physical media, online site, broadcast channel, or geographic location where the source can be found. There are seven different attributes to a container that may need to be cited--in order, they are ( 1 ) the container name, ( 2 ) contributors, ( 3 ) version, ( 4 ) number, ( 5) publisher, ( 6 ) date, and ( 7 ) location. Our general template now looks like this:
AUTHOR. TITLE. CONTAINER, CONTRIBUTERS, VERSION, NUMBER, PUBLISHER, DATE, LOCATION.
1. Container Name
Many novels, films, plays, artworks, and similar works that are consider whole and not parts of a whole are self-contained works, meaning the title of the work is the same as the title of the container. In these cases, the writer can skip this step:
Barry, Max. Jennifer Government. Doubleday, 2003. Jaws. Directed by Stephen Spielberg, Universal, 1975. van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City. If the text is part of a whole, that whole is the container. These containers include anthologies of collected writings, websites, apps, periodicals, albums, and series names. Italicize and capitalize the title of the container using the same guidelines in the title section but place a comma (not a period) after the last word:
Aristophanes. Lysistrata. 411 BCE. The Works of Aristophanes, edited by Lawrence T. Whitmore, U Publishing, 1988, pp. 194--247. Dickenson, Emily. "There's a certain Slant of light." 1861. Poetry Foundation, accessed 20 February 2024, poetryfoundation.org/poems/45723. Dickman, Kyle. "On Fire." Popular Science, November 2015, pp. 42--47. Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1969. Johnson, Kylie Roseanne [@HauntedHippieHorror]. "On the outside looking in... 2 more days until the release of Somnum." Instagram, 4 July 2022, 7:53 p.m. MDT, instagram.com/p/CfnOOgsFVs9. Masters, Edgar Lee. "Fiddler Jones." Spoon River Anthology. 1915. Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. 61. |
2. Contributors
Contributors are people besides the author who had a notable contribution to the work. Contributors include editors, translators, illustrators, adapters, directors, narrators, featured performers, and series creators. Contributions are credited with the name of the type of contribution fully spelled out followed by the word by, the contributors name (not inverted), and a comma:
Alighieri, Dante. Inferno. 1322. Translated by Michael Palma, Norton, 2002. Aristophanes. Lysistrata. 411 BCE. The Works of Aristophanes, edited by Lawrence T. Whitmore, U Publishing, 1988, pp. 194--247. "The Great Gatsby." Thug Notes, narrated by Greg Edwards [Sparky Sweets]. YouTube, uploaded by Wisecrack, 11 June 2013, youtu.be/2VEQRPm_HyA. "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. Santana. "Smooth." Supernatural, featuring Rob Thomas, Arista, 1999. Some Like It Hot. Directed by Billy Wilder, featuring Tony Curtis and Marilyn Monroe, MGM, 1959. Weinersmith, Zach. Augie and the Green Knight. Illustrated by Boulet, Bredpig, 2015. When citing comics and graphic novels, keep in mind that the pencilers (main artists) are considered authors and not contributors:
Moon, Fabio and Gabriel Ba. Daytripper. 2010. Vertigo, 2014. Treat multiple people contributing to a work in the same way as multiple authors except do not invert any names:
Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. 1623. Edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstein, Folger Shakespeare Library, 2014. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert Levine et al., 9th ed., vol. B: 1820-1865, W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 41--60. If a contributor has two different contributions, list both in the same entry with the word and:
Neruda, Pablo. The Poetry of Pablo Neruda. Edited and translated by Ilan Stavans, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. If the author has an additional contribution, only list their surname in the contributor spot:
Giffen, Keith and Jeff Lemire. "Invasion!" Inferior Five, illustrated by Giffen and Michelle Delecki, vol. 2, no. 5, DC Comics, March 2021. |
3. Version
If there is more than on edition of a text, it will be indicated in the title or copyright page. Versions can include a newer edition of a text, a special edition of the text (like a deluxe edition album or large print text), an audio or digital edition, a revised edition of a text, or a season or volume of an ongoing series. When listing versions, always use digits (10th) instead of spellings (tenth) and use the following lowercase abbreviations with periods: ed. for edition and rev. for revised. A comma goes after the version. First editions do not need to be indicated:
Albee, Edward. Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1962. Rev. ed., Berkley, 2006. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. 1953. 60th anniversary ed., Simon and Schuster, 2013. Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood. 1965. Kindle ed., Vintage, 2012. Haber, Jonathan. Critical Thinking. Illustrated ed., MIT Press, 2020. Insel, Paul, et al. Discovering Nutrition. 3rd ed., Jones and Bartlett, 2010. Swift, Taylor. 1989: Taylor's Version. Deluxe ed., Universal Music Group, 2023. |
4. Number
Some larger works are broken up into a series of small text identified by an volume, series, issue, season, episode, or episode number. When listing numbers, always use Arabic digits (8) instead of spellings (eight) or Roman numerals (XIII) and use the following lowercase abbreviations with periods: vol. for volume and no. for number. Do not include the word issue when listing issue numbers, and do not list track numbers for albums. A comma goes after the number. If not part of a series, number does not need to be indicated:
Applegate, K.A. Enter the Enchanted. Everworld no. 3, Scholastic, 1999. Dobson, David. "Geophysics: Earth's Core Problem." Nature, vol. 534, no. 45, June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/534045a. Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert Levine et al., 9th ed., vol. B: 1820-1865, W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 41--60. "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. |
5. Publisher
The publisher is the entity that produced and distributed the work. Publishers can include companies, institutions, studios, and networks. The name of the publisher is capitalized as a proper noun but never written in all caps, quoted, or italicized. Writers should drop articles from publisher names (a, an, the) as well as any business abbreviations (co., corp., inc., lmd., LLC). Any ampersands (&) in the name should be spelled as and, but numbers should retain their original style (digit or spelled). Any grammatical marks should be retained even if they result in a usage error. A comma goes after the publisher:
Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. 1953. 60th anniversary ed., Simon and Schuster, 2013. Barry, Max. Jennifer Government. Doubleday, 2003. "The Great Gatsby." Thug Notes, narrated by Greg Edwards [Sparky Sweets]. YouTube, uploaded by Wisecrack, 11 June 2013, youtu.be/2VEQRPm_HyA. Neruda, Pablo. The Poetry of Pablo Neruda. Edited and translated by Ilan Stavans, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City. If the publisher contains the word university, abbreviate university with a capital U without a period. If the publisher also uses the word press, the word should be abbreviated as a capital P without a period--but ONLY if the word university is present (otherwise, Press is spelled out). UP should stand in for University Press:
Aristophanes. Lysistrata. 411 BCE. The Works of Aristophanes. Edited by Lawrence T. Whitmore. U Publishing, 1988, pp. 194--247. Haber, Jonathan. Critical Thinking. Illustrated ed., MIT Press, 2020. Miller, Brian Craig. Empty Sleeves: Amputation in the Civil War South. U of Georgia P, 2015. Samuels, Maurice. Alfred Dreyfus: The Man at the Center of the Affair. Yale UP, 2024. Sometimes a source lists a publisher that is a division or imprint of a larger publisher: for example, No Country for Old Men was published in 2006 by "Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House." In these cases, only list the smaller division or imprint.
However, some sources (often music albums and films) have two or more different publishers the worked together to create the work. In this case, both publishers are listed and are separated by a space-backslash-space: Braddock, Bobby. Bobby Braddock: A Life on Nashville's Music Row. Vanderbilt UP / Country Music Foundation P, 2015. Phair, Liz. "Supernova." Whip-Smart, Matador / Atlantic Records, 1994. "Radio Killed the Video Star." Hazbin Hotel, created by Vivienne Medrano, season 1, episode 2, A24 / Amazon Studios, 2024. Spiderman: Into the Spiderverse. Starring Shameik Moore and Hailee Steinfeld, Sony Pictures / Marvel Entertainment, 2018. Twister. Screenplay by Michael Crichton and Anne-Marie Martin, Warner Bros. / Universal, 1996. If there is no publisher listed or if the source is self-published by the author themselves, don't but anything in the publisher spot. This is common when citing artwork and artifacts, live performances, and private sources:
Coon, Brandon. Email to the author. 15 May 2018. Fleming, Betty June. "Snickerdoodles." Family recipe of author. 1935? Leger, Marie-France. A Hue of Blu. 2023. Mackie, Bob. Dresses worn by The Supremes for a television performance, 1969. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland. Miller, C.K. The Phoenix Host. Roanfire no. 1, 2018. Santos, Jennifer. Interview. Conducted by the author, 4 April 2023. Simon, Neil. Rumors. Directed by Erin Allen, Skyline High Theatre, 5 November 2005, Skyline High School, Longmont, Colorado. van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Similarly, if the name of the publisher is the same name as the container, nothing is written in the publisher spot to avoid repetition. This is common when citing periodicals and websites:
Barry, Dan. "Just One Last Swirl Around the Bowl." The New York Times, 5 April 2009, p. ST6. Dickman, Kyle. "On Fire." Popular Science, November 2015, pp. 42--47. Rugnetta, Mike. "Is Miku Hatsune A More Authentic Pop Star Than Lana Del Rey?" YouTube, uploaded by PBS Idea Channel, 28 March 2012, youtu.be/r3c8STXjQ20. Wong, David. "Six Harsh Truths That Will Make You a Better Person." Cracked, 17 December 2012, cracked.com/blog/6-harsh-truths-that-will-make-you-better-person. |
6. Date
Books, plays, albums, films, artifacts, and similar works need to include the year they were published followed by a comma:
Barry, Max. Jennifer Government. Doubleday, 2003. Black Keys. "Lonely Boy." El Camino, Nonesuch Records, 2011. Jaws. Directed by Stephen Spielberg, Universal, 1975. van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. The date of publication isn't always the date a work was created, especially when it comes to books that get reprinted with new editions. If the year of creation is older than the year of publication and the original date is important to the research topic, the original year of publication is added between the title spot and the container spot followed by a period:
Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. 1953. 60th anniversary ed., Simon and Schuster, 2013. Diary of an Oxygen Thief. 2006. Gallery Books, 2014. Homer. The Odyssey. Circa eighth century BCE. Translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin, 1999. If the exact year of the physical media is unknown, the writer can include a fully spelled out statement of the approximate time frame (circa) of the source or can add a year followed by a question mark and no comma:
Black lace dress with crimson accents and floral embroidery. Early twentieth century, Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence. Fleming, Betty June. "Snickerdoodles." Family recipe of author. 1935? The Folsom point. Circa 10,000 BCE, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado. Periodicals and online media need more than just a year--include either season year (spring 2024), month year (May 2024), or day month year in the European style (13 May 2024). Follow this date with a comma. If time of publication is listed, include this after the date and its comma, include a.m. or p.m. and time zone specifications, and place a comma after the time:
Barry, Dan. "Just One Last Swirl Around the Bowl." The New York Times, 5 April 2009, p. ST6. Brunden, Jenny. "Safe2Tell Numbers Hit Record High with Hundreds of Reports of Suicide, Bullying, and School Complaints." CPR News, Colorado Public Radio, 12 March 2024, 2:23 p.m. MST, cpr.org/2024/03/12/safe2tell-numbers-hit-record-high-february-2024. Dobson, David. "Geophysics: Earth's Core Problem." Nature, vol. 534, no. 45, June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/534045a. If an online source has no date, writers substitute the date they accessed the work and add the word accessed before the date:
"The Beatnik Generation." Voices of East Anglica, accessed 5 January 2024, voicesofeastanglia.com/2011/10/the-beatnik-generation. |
7. Location
Listing the location can be skipped when citing the entirety of a widely distributed source like a book, periodical, film, or album. If location is skipped, make sure that a period and not a comma is placed after the date:
Barry, Max. Jennifer Government. Doubleday, 2003. Jaws. Directed by Stephen Spielberg, Universal, 1975. For some of these texts, you may need to list the means of which you accessed the work in the location spot if the kind of medium makes a difference to what was gained from the source. For example, an album streamed on the Spotify app my have biographic information on the artist that is different from the CD booklet that came with the CD release of the album that is different still from the liner notes of the original vinyl release. If medium matters, place it after the date with a period after both the date and the medium in the location spot. Note that changing the medium does not change any of the preceding information:
Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1969. Audio CD. Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1969. Spotify app. Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1969. Vinyl. When citing a selection or section of a book or periodical, the location within the text--the page numbers--must be cited. Use whatever numerals are used by the text, and separate page ranges with an em dash (two hyphens). Shorten the word page to p. and pages to pp. and follow the last page number with a period:
Aristophanes. Lysistrata. 411 BCE. The Works of Aristophanes. Edited by Lawrence T. Whitmore. U Publishing, 1988, pp. 194--247. Barry, Dan. "Just One Last Swirl Around the Bowl." The New York Times, 5 April 2009, p. ST6. Masters, Edgar Lee. "Fiddler Jones." Spoon River Anthology. 1915. Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. 61. Obejas, Achy. Introduction. Days of Awe, Ballantine Books, 2021, pp. ix--xi. When citing an online source, the digital location of the source--the URL--must be listed. URLs have four parts: the protocol before the double slash, the host that contains the domain, the path that directs to the specific site page, and the variant that may be attached to the end of the URL to specify display language, show query results, add SEO identifiers, and fragments that anchor to a specific section or timestamp of a page. As an example here is the URL for this article segment:
https://www.coonwriting.com/mla.html#container#locationPROTOCAL DOMAIN PATH VARIANTS
When citing a URL, leave off the protocol and variants if possible to keep the URL short. Make sure that the truncated link directs readers to the right place, and if not, leave in the variants and domains. For example, the URL above can be truncated to coonwriting.com/mla. A period should follow the URL:
Brunden, Jenny. "Safe2Tell Numbers Hit Record High with Hundreds of Reports of Suicide, Bullying, and School Complaints." CPR News, Colorado Public Radio, 12 March 2024, 2:23 p.m. MST, cpr.org/2024/03/12/safe2tell-numbers-hit-record-high-february-2024. Some academic journals do not use URLs but digital object identifiers (DOIs). If present, cite the DOI instead of the URL and indicate it with https://doi.org/ and end the DOI address with a period:
Dobson, David. "Geophysics: Earth's Core Problem." Nature, vol. 534, no. 45, June 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/534045a. If a URL is longer than three lines, it may be truncated to just the host and basic path:
Suad. "My Favorite Graphic Novel of All Time." Review of Essex County by Jeff Lemire, Kindle ed., Amazon, 9 November 2015, amazon.com/ Essex-County-Jeff-Lemire-ebook/dp/B009DMJ9VC?ref_=ast_author_dp&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.WcYqIDVLCEvwzBEPpcOxdxsvNDWXGGKW5 hsvIc2HIl3ahHHBDcNnXxYhasHQpVIEWusfmO16gTOEJaqVNr9K42XNchiIXsAwV7CptXsinsda6p-i83F6lAEnUto885TgHV9m-KA01P2ag-q-5Z7Pdt3WK22pplVrjONJg6XHdvl3A3FGKpY6Mk0Rnh9IyTwg-jfWSCA8JpDmZxE7JIwTssDX3zcR-yE_3YT6YTG-fJY.J7ShiR9PZy4_ygT5a49 WX5INrFcyNdwKPBi-s7IKQHY&dib_tag=AUTHOR#review/R13MHCESE59VLF/ref=cm_cr_srp_d_rdp_perm?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B009DMJ9VC. Suad. "My Favorite Graphic Novel of All Time." Review of Essex County by Jeff Lemire, Kindle ed., Amazon, 9 November 2015, amazon.com/ Essex-County-Jeff-Lemire-ebook/dp/B009DMJ9VC. In addition to the location of a URL, online documents that are separated into slides can also have those locations cited after the URL with a period:
Coon, Brandon. "Intimacy Work for High School Actors." Google Slides, accessed 14 February 2024, docs.google.com/presentation/d/ 1GIez2EnV4j2q3J8RW66hIwzOKfbtf39BvcdBOA8cwbc. Slide 18. Singular physical objects like artifacts, artwork, and private collections use a geographic location consisting of a building followed by a comma then the city the building is in followed by a comma then the state or country of that city followed by a period. The building name should not be shortened with abbreviations but should not start with the. If the state or country is in the name of the building, it can be left off, but city should always be listed regardless of whether or not it is in the building name:
Black lace dress with crimson accents and floral embroidery. Early twentieth century, Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence. The Folsom point. Circa 10,000 BCE, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado. van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Citations for live performances witnessed by the writer also need a geographic location, formatted in the same way as above (if not witnessed live, the performances are cited as online texts):
A Night of Leonard Cohen with the Colorado Symphony. Featuring Nathaniel Rateliff, 5 April 2024, Boettcher Concert Hall, Denver, Colorado. Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." 7 March 2024, US Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. Simon, Neil. Rumors. Directed by Erin Allen, Skyline High Theatre, 5 November 2005, Skyline High School, Longmont, Colorado. Swift, Taylor. The Eras Tour. 14 July 2023, Empower Field at Mile High, Denver, Colorado. |
MLA Citation Glossary
Below is a quick index of how to common sources in MLA. Each source is cited in its most basic fashion, so refer to the sections above for dealing with specific cases.
General Rules:
- One author looks like this: Coon, Brandon. Two authors looks like this: Coon, Brandon, and Alexis Smith. Three or more authors looks like this: Coon, Brandon et al.
- Dates are day month year (10 November 1987) to minimize commas
- Volume is vol., number is no., edition is ed., revised is rev., UP is University Press, page is p., and pages is pp.
- Excepting the above, when in doubt, spell it out: author names, months, titles, etc.
- If the information can't be found (author, publisher, date), skip it.
ADVERTISEMENT, COMMERCIAL: Advertisement for Mudd Jeans sale at Kohl's. Aired on CW network, 1 March 2016, 8:13 p.m.
ADVERTISEMENT, COMMERCIAL WATCHED ONLINE: "Mudd Takes Coachella for #DestinationMudd." YouTube, uploaded by Mudd Jeans, 29 April 2016, youtu.be/ZNLr6nPkPoU?si=MQ-CLBC7qzji7O8h.
ADVERTISEMENT, IN PRINT: Advertisement for Mudd apparel at Kohls. Teen Vogue, December 2016, pp. 30-31.
ADVERTISEMENT, IN PRINT BUT FOUND ONLINE: "Promo Code: DressLove." Facebook, Mudd Jeans, 3 March 2016, facebook.com/Mudd/photos/pb.100064505512086.-2207520000/10154002537901052. Sponsored Post.
ADVERTISEMENT, MAIL: "Shop Black Friday at Kohl's." Mailed to the author, 19 November 2016. Catalogue.
ADVERTISEMENT, PACKAGING TEXT: Washing instructions tag on Mudd Low Rise Flare Jeans. Product no. 4H0462, circa 2000.
ADVERTISEMENT, SIGN OR BILBOARD: Advertisement on bus stop sign for "Destination: Mudd." 21 October 2016, Centerplace Shopping Center, Greeley, Colorado.
ADVERTISEMENT, STICKERS AND APPAREL: "Mudd Jeans: The Starlight Cove, 21 and over welcome, New York, NY." Text on a woman's yellow t-shirt. Mudd Jeans, viewed by author on 19 October 2016, Kohl's Department Store, Greeley, Colorado.
ARTIFACT IN MUSEUM: The Folsom point. Circa 10,000 BCE, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado.
ARTWORK IN MUSEUM: van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
ARTWORK, MUSEUM DISPLAY TEXT: Wall text for Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
ARTWORK, ONLINE REPRODUCTION: van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, accessed 18 March 2024, moma.org/collection/works/79802.
ARTWORK THAT IS AI GENERATED: "Generate a daylight scene that looks like Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh." Deep AI, standard version, 18 March 2024, deepai.org/machine-learning-model/text2img.
ARTICLE, ACADEMIC JOURNAL: Skov, Laurits et al. "Genetic Insights into the Social Organization of Neanderthals." Nature, vol. 610, no. 7932, 20 October 2022, pp. 519–525.
ARTICLE, MAGAZINE: Dickman, Kyle. "On Fire." Popular Science, November 2015, pp. 42-47.
ARTICLE, NEWSPAPER: Barry, Dan. "Just One Last Swirl Around the Bowl." The New York Times, 5 April 2009, p. ST6.
ARTICLE, ONLINE: Brunden, Jenny. "Safe2Tell Numbers Hit Record High with Hundreds of Reports of Suicide, Bullying, and School Complaints." CPR News, Colorado Public Radio, 12 March 2024, 2:23 p.m. MST, cpr.org/2024/03/12/safe2tell-numbers-hit-record-high-february-2024.
ARTICLE, ONLINE DATABASE: Wee, Valarie. “The Scream Trilogy, Hyperpostmodernism, and the Late-Nineties Teen Slasher Film.” Journal of Film and Video, vol. 57, no. 3, 2005, pp. 44–61. JSTOR, jstor.org/stable/20688497.
ARTICLE, ONLINE WITH DOI: Skov, Laurits et al. "Genetic Insights into the Social Organization of Neanderthals." Nature, vol. 610, no. 7932, 20 October 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y.
AUDIO, LIVE BROADCAST: "From Anxiety to Cancer, the Evidence Against Ultra-processed Food Piles Up." Morning Edition, hosted by Steve Inskeep, report by Allison Aubrey, National Public Radio, KCFC 1490 18 March 2024, 6:31 a.m. MDT.
AUDIO, ONLINE RECORDING OF BROADCAST: Aubrey, Allison. "From Anxiety to Cancer, the Evidence Against Ultra-processed Food Piles Up." Morning Edition, hosted by Steve Inskeep, National Public Radio, 18 March 2024, 3:01 a.m. MDT, npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/18/1238939706.
AUDIO, ONLINE TRANSCRIPT OF BROADCAST: "From Anxiety to Cancer, the Evidence Against Ultra-processed Food Piles Up." Morning Edition, hosted by Steve Inskeep, report by Allison Aubrey, National Public Radio, 18 March 2024, 3:01 a.m. MDT, npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/18/1238939706. Transcript.
AUDIO, PODCAST EPISODE, APP: Smith, Kevin and Scott Mosier. "The Walrus and the Carpenter." Smodcast, no. 259, Smodco, 4 March 2014. Last.fm app.
AUDIO, PODCAST EPISODE, ONLINE: Smith, Kevin and Scott Mosier. "The Walrus and the Carpenter." Smodcast, no. 259, Smodco, 4 March 2014, smodcast.com/channel/smodcast?audio=259.
AUDIO, SONG: see MUSIC
BOOK: Backman, Fredrik. Anxious People. Atria Books, 2020.
BOOK, AUDIO EDITION: Backman, Fredrik. Anxious People. Narrated by Marin Ireland, audiobook ed., Simon and Schuster Audio, 2020. Audible app.
BOOK, CHAPTER: Backman, Fredrik. "Chapter 3: It's the day before New Year's Eve . . . ." Anxious People. Atria Books, 2020, pp. 5--9.
BOOK, DIGITAL EDITION: Backman, Fredrik. Anxious People. Kindle ed., Atria Books, 2020.
BOOK, EDITOR AS AUTHOR: Greer, Andrew John, editor. The Best American Short Stories 2022. Mariner Books, 2022.
BOOK, IN A SERIES: Applegate, K.A. Enter the Enchanted. Everworld no. 3, Scholastic, 1999.
BOOK, NO AUTHOR: Diary of an Oxygen Thief. 2006. Gallery Books, 2014.
BOOK, SECTION: Obejas, Achy. Introduction. Days of Awe, Ballantine Books, 2021, pp. ix--xi.
BOOK, SELF PUBLISHED: Leger, Marie-France. A Hue of Blu. 2023.
BOOK, SPECIAL EDITION: Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. 1953. 60th anniversary ed., Simon and Schuster, 2013.
BOOK WITH CONTRIBUTORS: Weinersmith, Zach. Augie and the Green Knight. Illustrated by Boulet, Bredpig, 2015.
BOOK WITH ORIGINAL PUBLISHING DATE: Alighieri, Dante. Inferno. 1322. Translated by Michael Palma, Norton, 2002.
COMIC, INDIVIDUAL ISSUE: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. "Mommy Made of Nails." Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 3, DC Comics, October 2009.
COMIC, INDIVIDUAL ISSUE, DIGITAL EDITION: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. "Mommy Made of Nails." Batman and Robin, ComiXology ed., vol. 1, no. 3, DC Comics, October 2009, amazon.com/Batman-Robin-2009-2011-3-ebook/dp/B00LWI2WNM.
COMIC, INDIVIDUAL ISSUE IN PRINT COLLECTION: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. "Chapter 3: Mommy Made of Nails." Batman Reborn, Batman and Robin vol. 1, collection 1. DC Comics, 2010, pp. 53--78.
COMIC, ONLINE ONLY: Weinersmith, Zach. "Homework." Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal, 3 February 2019, 10:06 a.m., smbc-comics.com/comic/homework.
COMIC, ORIGINAL GRAPHIC NOVEL: Moon, Fabio and Gabriel Ba. Daytripper. 2010. Vertigo, 2014.
COMIC, PRINT COLLECTION: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. Batman Reborn. Batman and Robin vol. 1, collection 1. DC Comics, 2010.
DICTIONARY ENTRY: see REFERENCE
EMAIL: Coon, Brandon. Email to the author. 15 May 2018.
FACEBOOK: see ONLINE MEDIA
FILM: Jaws. Directed by Stephen Spielberg, Universal, 1975.
FILM, BONUS FEATURE: "Spotlight on Location: The Making of Jaws." Jaws, 25th anniversary ed., Universal, 1975. DVD.
FILM CLIP POSTED ONLINE: "You're Gonna Need a Bigger Boat." From Jaws, Universal, 1975. YouTube, uploaded by Movieclips, 16 June 2011, youtu.be/2I91DJZKRxs.
FILM, FESTIVAL SCREENING, NO DISTRIBUTOR: Girls Will Be Girls. Directed by Shuchi Talati, 2023. Screened at Sundance Film Festival, 25 January 2024, Park City, Utah.
FILM, INFORMATIONAL SITE: "Jaws: Crazy Credits." IMDb, accessed 14 February 2024, imdb.com/title/tt0073195/crazycredits.
FILM, REVIEW, USER RATING OR SCORE: Aggregate score for Jaws, 1975. Rotten Tomatoes, accessed 14 February 2024, rottentomatoes.com/m/jaws.
FILM, REVIEW, VIDEO: Murrell, Dan. "Why I Love Jaws." [review] YouTube, 2 May 2020, youtu.be/MHkMHpGqAXw.
FILM, REVIEW, WRITTEN: Ebert, Roger. Review of Jaws, 1975. Roger Ebert Reviews, Ebert Digital, 20 August 2000, rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-jaws-1975.
FILM SCORE AND SOUNDTRACK: see MUSIC, FILM
FILM, SHORT: Poison. Directed by Wes Anderson, based on the Roald Dahl story, Indian Paintbrush, 2023. Netflix app.
FILM, SPECIAL EDITION: Jaws. Directed by Steven Spielberg, 4K Ultra HD steel book ed., Universal, 1975. Blu-Ray.
FILM, STUDENT: Class Clown. Directed by Jack Dennis Smith, created for Advanced Acting with Mr. Coon, Spring 2022, Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
FOOD LABEL: see ADVERTISEMENT, PACKAGING TEXT
GOOGLE SEARCH RESULTS: Not a source--do not cite
GOVERNMENT BILL: Colorado, General Assembly, State Senate. Repeal the Death Penalty. Colorado General Assembly record, leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb20-100. 72nd General Assembly, 2nd Session, Senate Bill 20-100, passed 23 March 2020.
GOVERNMENT COURT DECISION: Colorado, Supreme Court. Griswold v. Anderson. Colorado Judicial Branch record, Supreme Court case no. 23SA300, 19 December 2023, courts.state.co.us/userfiles/file/Court_Probation/Supreme_Court/Opinions/2023/23SA300.pdf
GOVERNMENT COURT DECISION, DISSENT OR CONCURRENT OPINION: Barrett, Amy Coney. Concurring opinion. Trump v. Anderson. United States Supreme Court, 4 March 2024, supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-719_19m2.pdf.
GOVERNMENT, EXECUTIVE ORDER OR CRIMINAL PARDON: Colorado, Office of the Governor [Jared Polis]. Executive order D 2022-004: Declaring a Disaster Emergency Due to the Marshall Fire and Straight-Line Winds in Boulder County and Authorizing Employment of the Colorado National Guard. Office of the Governor record, 27 January 2022, colorado.gov/governor/sites/default/files/inline-files/D%202022%20004%20Marshall%20Fire%20EO_0.pdf.
GOVERNMENT SESSION OR HEARING: Colorado, General Assembly, House. Concerning a Bill of Rights for Youth in Foster Care. Colorado General Assembly record, 9 February 2024, sg001-harmony.sliq.net/00327/Harmony/en/PowerBrowser/
PowerBrowserV2/20240209/-1/15340. Audio recording.
GOVERNMENT, LEGAL FORM OR AFFIDAVIT: Rifle Police Department [Colorado]. Affidavit Concerning Arrest of Tyler J. Boebert. Colorado Judicial Branch record, 27 February 2024, courts.state.co.us/Media/Opinion_Docs/24CR57%20Tyler%20Boebert%20affi%
20redactions.pdf. Partially redacted for public release.
GOVERNMENT, LEGAL STATUTES AND LAWS, ONLINE DATABASE: Colorado, General Assembly. CRS 20-1-120: Rights of Free Expression for Public School Students. Colorado Revised Statutes, revised 2021. LexusNexus, advance.lexis.com/api/document/
collection/statutes-legislation/id/62PC-1DC3-CH1B-T3HV-00008-00.
GOVERNMENT, LEGAL STATUTES AND LAWS, PUBLICATION: Colorado, General Assembly. CRS 20-1-120: Rights of Free Expression for Public School Students. Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 22: Education, revised 2023, pp. 21--23. State of Colorado, leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2023-title-22.pdf.
GOVERNMENT REPORT OR PAMPHLET: Student Attendance State Policy. Colorado Department of Education, December 2022, cde.state.co.us/dropoutprevention/studentattendancefaq2022.
GOVERNMENT, SUPREME GOVERNING DOCUMENTS: Colorado Constitution. 1876. Colorado General Assembly record,accessed 19 March 2024. LexusNexus, advance.lexis.com/container?config=0155JAAyMzg2MTYzZi1jMWNlLTRlOTQtODVjZS0xZTU0MDg1YmQ0
OTUKAFBvZENhdGFsb2eEcVf2aFZwpM1qua3EYcVa
GOVERNMENT, TREATIES: Treaty with the Cheyenne and Arapaho [Little Arkansas Treaty]. Signed 14 October 1865. Trial Treaties Database, Oklahoma State U, accessed 19 March 2024, treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-cheyenne-and-arapaho-1865-0887. Treaty between United States and the native Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.
INSTAGRAM: see ONLINE MEDIA
INTERVIEW, PERSONAL: Santos, Jennifer. Interview. Conducted by the author, 4 April 2023.
INTERVIEW, PUBLISHED TEXT: Wiesel, Elie. Interview. Conducted by Georg Klein, 10 December 2004, nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/interview.
INTERVIEW, PUBLISHED VIDEO: Wiesel, Elie. Interview with Elie Wiesel. Conducted by Georg Klein, 10 December 2004.
INTERVIEW, TELEVISION: Wiesel, Elie. Interview. Conducted by Oprah Winfrey, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Harpo Entertainment, 24 May 2006. YouTube, uploaded by OWN, 15 January 2009, youtu.be/Igjj870VMts.
INTERVIEW, WATCHED LIVE: Campbell, Neve et al. "Scream Q&A." Panel interview with Campbell, Matthew Lillard, Jamie Kennedy, and Skeet Ulrich. Salt Lake FanX, 22 September 2023, Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
LETTER, PUBLISHED IN BOOK: Vonnegut, Kurt. Letter to Xavier High School, et al. 5 November 2006. Letters of Note: An Eclectic Collection of Correspondence Deserving of a Wider Audience. Compiled by Shaun Usher, vol. 2, Chronical Books, 2016, p. 264.
LETTER, PUBLISHED ONLINE: Vonnegut, Kurt. Letter to Xavier High School, et al. 5 November 2006. Letters of Note, 5 November 2021, news.lettersofnote.com/p/make-your-soul-grow.
LETTER, UNPUBLISHED: Parr, Chris T. Postcard to the author. 17 July 2019/
MOVIE: see FILM
MUSIC, LIVE CONCERT: Dead and Company. Farewell Tour. 3 July 2023, Folsom Field, Boulder, Colorado.
MUSIC, LIVE CONCERT RECORDING: Dead and Company. Farewell Tour. 3 July 2023, Folsom Field, Boulder, Colorado. Uploaded by Nugs.net, accessed 14 March 2024, nugs.net/live-download-of-dead-and-company-folsom-field-boulder-co-07-03-2023-mp3-flac-or-online-music-streaming/32678.html.
MUSIC, NO ALBUM (SINGLE RELEASE): Grateful Dead. "Ripple." 1970. Rerelease, Warner, 2018. 7" Vinyl.
MUSIC, SHEET BY ITSELF: Hunter, Robert and Jerry Garcia. "Ripple." Arrangement for vocals / piano / guitar, Ice Nine Publishing, 1971, virtualsheetmusic.com/score/HL-295851.
MUSIC, SHEET FROM A BOOK: Hunter, Robert and Jerry Garcia. "Ripple." Whoa Ho! What I Want to Know How Does the Song Go?: The Complete Grateful Dead Songbook, Lyrics and Chords: 1965-1995. Final ed., GD Songbooks, 2023, p. 93.
MUSIC, SONG, COVER ON ALBUM: Jane's Addiction. "Ripple." Originally performed by the Grateful Dead, Rev, Warner, 1999.
MUSIC, SONG, COVER ONLINE: Lindgren, Toni. "Ripple." Originally performed by the Grateful Dead, YouTube, uploaded by Ellie and Toni, 25 December 2023, youtu.be/MpNbcCbqCSg.
MUSIC, SONG FROM ALBUM: Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1970.
MUSIC, SONG FROM ALBUM, SPECIAL EDITION: Grateful Dead. "Ripple, Single Version." 1970. American Beauty, expanded and remastered ed., Warner, 2001. CD.
MUSIC, SONG FROM FILM/TV, DIAGETIC (PERFORMED BY ACTORS): Vazquez, Yul [Dead Head Gill]. "Ripple." In Runaway Bride, starring Julia Roberts and Richard Gere, Paramount, 1999.
MUSIC, SONG FROM FILM/TV, NONDIAGETIC (SOUNDTRACK OR SCORE): Grateful Dead. "Ripple." In "Discos and Dragons," Freaks and Geeks, season 1, episode 18, Dreamworks, 2000.
MUSIC, SONG FROM STAGE MUSICAL: Hunter, Robert and Jerry Garcia. "Ripple" Red Roses, Green Gold, arranged for the stage by Jeff Chimenti, performed by Scott Wakefield and Maggie Hollinbeck, 18 March 2018, Minetta Lane Theatre, New York City.
MUSIC, STREAMED: Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1970. Spotify app.
MUSIC, SUPPLEMENT TO ALBUM: Grateful Dead. Liner Notes. American Beauty, Warner, 1970. Vinyl.
MUSIC VIDEO (OFFICIAL): Grateful Dead: Touch of Grey. Directed by Gary Gutierrez, Grateful Dead Productions, 1987. YouTube, uploaded by Grateful Dead, 21 December 2012, youtu.be/mzvk0fWtCs0.
ONLINE MEDIA, GAME: see VIDEO GAME, ONLINE
ONLINE MEDIA, LIVESTREAM: "First annual Halloween Live stream!" The Horror Bandwagon, 31 October 2023, 7:30 p.m. MST, twitch.tv/thehorrorbandwagon.
ONLINE MEDIA, MEME: Marroquin, Sergio [@thehorrorbandwagon]. "Me when they finally drop the 'Halloween Kills' full trailer" Versailles Run meme. Instagram, 20 May 2021, 5:40 p.m. CST, instagram.com/p/CPHKMniAHib.
ONLINE MEDIA, MESSAGE ON COMMUNITY SERVER: Holy Hayden. Message posted in the #Horror News channel of The Horror Bandwagon Discord, 28 January 2024 7:05 p.m. MST, discord.com/channels/1073771439485886485.
ONLINE MEDIA, ORIGINAL ART: Manalang, Austeen [@fauxteen]. "The Horror Bandwagon logo." Behance, 11 March 2021, behance.net/gallery/115200075/The-Horror-Bandwagon.
ONLINE MEDIA, PODCAST EPISODE, APP: see AUDIO, PODCAST
ONLINE MEDIA, PODCAST EPISODE, EMBEDDED PLAYER: Marroquin, Sergio and Cody Beaver, hosts. “Her name was Lola: The Loved Ones, 2009." The Horror Bandwagon Podcast, season 3, episode 324, 13 July 2022. The Horror Bandwagon, accessed 20 March 2024, thehorrorbandwagon.com.
ONLINE MEDIA, POST: Marroquin, Sergio [@thehorrorbandwagon]. "We were warned about this movie and we still weren’t prepared! Join us as we try to survive the night and wrath of Jane Doe! Reaction is out now!" Instagram, 16 July 2023, 3:16 p.m. CST, instagram.com/p/CuxXaC1Pun0.
ONLINE MEDIA, POST COMMENT: @aimee_gray421. Comment on "We were warned about this movie and we still weren’t . . . ." Instagram, 16 July 2023, instagram.com/p/CuxXaC1Pun0.
ONLINE MEDIA, PRODUCT REVIEW: @horrorfan6six6. Review of "The Horror Bandwagon Classic Logo Sweatshirt," The Horror Bandwagon, 6 November 2023, thehorrorbandwagon.com/merch/p/the-horror-bandwagon-classic-logo.
ONLINE MEDIA, SUBSCRIBER-ONLY CONTENT: “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003) Full Watch Along." The Horror Bandwagon Podcast, Patreon exclusive, 29 December 2023, patreon.com/thehorrorbandwagon.
ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO: “Hatcher (2006) First Time Watch Left Us Shook and Grossed Out!" YouTube, uploaded by The Horror Bandwagon, 2 September 2022, youtu.be/E-XqJ3hGcWc.
ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO, EMBEDDED PLAYER: “Hatcher (2006) First Time Watch Left Us Shook and Grossed Out!" YouTube, uploaded by The Horror Bandwagon, 2 September 2022. The Horror Bandwagon, accessed 20 March 2024, thehorrorbandwagon.com.
POEM, IN ANTHOLOGY: Mehigan, Josh. "The Orange Bottle." Accepting the Disaster: Poems. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014, pp. 45-61.
POEM, IN BOOK THAT ISN'T AN ANTHOLOGY: Mathers, E. Powys, translator. "Black Marigolds." From Chaurapanchasika, circa eleventh century India. Found in Cannery Row by John Steinbeck. 1945. Centennial ed., Penguin, 2002, pp. 128--129, 135--136.
POEM, IN MAGAZINE: Mehigan, Joshua. "The Orange Bottle." Poetry, edited by Christian Wiman, vol. 201, no. 5, February 2013, pp. 507-519.
POEM, LIVE PERFORMANCE: Mehigan, Josh. "The Orange Bottle." Performed by Elisabeth Kulesus, Undergrad Poetry Slam night, 23 March 2021, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley.
POEM, NO TITLE: Dickenson, Emily. "There's a certain Slant of light." 1861. Poetry Foundation, accessed 20 February 2024, poetryfoundation.org/poems/45723.
POEM, ONLINE: Mehigan, Josh. "The Orange Bottle." Poetry Foundation, accessed March 20 2024, poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/56038.
PLAY: Simon, Neil. Rumors. Samuel French, 1990.
PLAY IN ANTHOLOGY: Simon, Neil. Rumors. The Collected Plays of Neil Simon. Vol. 4, Simon and Schuster, 1998 pp. 8--103.
PLAY, LIVE PERFORMANCE: Simon, Neil. Rumors. Directed by Emily Ferguson, Frederick Theatre, 19 April 2019,Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
PLAY, MUSICAL CONTRIBUTERS: Simon, Neil, librettist. Sweet Charity. 1966. Music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Dorothy Fields, Concord Theatricals, 2016.
PLAY, MONOLOGUE FROM: Simon, Neil. "Lenny's Final Monologue." From Rumors, Samuel French, 1990, pp. 91-94.
PLAY, PROGRAM FROM: Program from Rumors by Neil Simon at Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado. 19 April 2019.
PLAY, PERFORMANCE NOTES: Simon, Neil. Notes on Required Music. Rumors. Samuel French, 1990, p. 3.
RECIPE, FROM COOKBOOK: Bittman, Mark. "Snickerdoodles." How to Bake Everything: Simple Recipes for the Best Baking. Illustrated ed., How to Cook Everything vol. 7, Harvest, 2016, pp. 170-171.
RECIPE, ONLINE: Sigworth, Beth. "Mrs. Sigg's Snickerdoodles." All Recipes, 23 June 2023, allrecipes.com/recipe/10687/mrs-siggs-snickerdoodles.
RECIPE, UNPUBLISHED: Fleming, Betty June. "Snickerdoodles." Family recipe of author. 1935?
REFERENCE, DICTIONARY ENTRY, IN PRINT: "Physical, Adj. ( 2 )." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed., Merrium-Webster, 2019, p. 935.
REFERENCE, DICTIONARY ENTRY, ONLINE: "Digital, Adj. ( 1 )." Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2024, merriam-webster.com/dictionary/digital.
REFERENCE, ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRY: "Internet." Wikipedia, accessed 2 March 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.
REFERENCE, MAP, IN ATLAS: "Colorado." Rand McNally Road Atlas & National Park Guide 2024. Rand McNally, 2024, p. 20.
REFERENCE MAP, ONLINE: Map of Colorado. Google Maps, 2024, maps.google.com.
REFERENCE, MAP, SINGLE: Colorado State Map. Rand McNally, 2021.
REFERENCE, RAW DATA SET: "Elon Musk Donor Record." Open Secrets, accessed 18 March 2024, docs.google.com/spreadsheets/
d/1nwtqu93Cuobth6a6e6eLHPbSPfkB_2qN5huaHW6uTBo
REFERENCE, WALL POSTER: "Periodic Table of Elements." Place Learning, viewed 20 January 2024, Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
SCHOOL, ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS ON LMS: "Unit 3 Narrative: Double Vision Instructions." Sophomore English, taught by Brandon Coon. Schoology, Frederick High School, spring 2024, schoology.svvsd.org/course/7086611895/materials/discussion/
view/7159009090.
SCHOOL, ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION, UNPUBLISHED: Watson, Hannah. "Melody." For Creative Writing, taught by Brandon Coon. Frederick High School, fall 2022.
SCHOOL, CLASS RESOURCE DOCUMENT, ONLINE: "Dialectical Journal Template." Sophomore English, taught by Brandon Coon. Schoology, Frederick High School, spring 2024, schoology.svvsd.org/course/7086611895/materials/gp/7098090294.
SCHOOL, CLASS RESOURCE DOCUMENT, PHYSICAL: "Dialectical Journal Template." Sophomore English, taught by Brandon Coon. Schoology, Frederick High School, spring 2024. Handout.
SCHOOL. CLASS SYLLABUS: Syllabus for AP Literature and Composition. Taught by Brandon Coon, 2018-2019 academic year, Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
SCHOOL, LECTURE, LIVE: Coon, Brandon. Lecture on Verb Conjugation. Freshman English, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School.
SCHOOL, LECTURE, ONLINE: Coon, Brandon. Lecture on Verb Conjugation. WebEx. Freshman English, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School.
SCHOOL, LECTURE, RECORDING: Coon, Brandon. Lecture on Verb Conjugation. Freshman English, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School. Schoology, uploaded 14 March 2024, schoology.svvsd.org/assignment/7100241506/info.
SCHOOL, LECTURE OR READING NOTES: Santoya, Carlos. Notes on Lecture on Verb Conjugation. Freshman English, taught by Bandon Coon, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School.
SCHOOL, MEETING OUTSIDE CLASS, IN PERSON: Meeting of the Student Advisory Board. Frederick High School, 13 March 2024, Frederick, Colorado.
SCHOOL, MEETING OUTSIDE CLASS, ONLINE: Meeting of the Student Advisory Board. Frederick High School, 13 March 2024, Frederick, Colorado, online.
SCHOOL, ONLINE SLIDE DECK: Coon, Brandon. "Intimacy Work for High School Actors." Google Slides, accessed 14 February 2024, docs.google.com/presentation/d/1GIez2EnV4j2q3J8RW66hIwzOKfbtf39BvcdBOA8cwbc. Slide 18.
SCRIPTURE, ENTIRE BOOK: The Torah. Edited by the Jewish Publication Society of America. 14th ed., Henry Holt, 2004.
SCRIPTURE, ONLINE: Devarim [Deuteronomy] 9:1--29. The Torah. Chabad.org, Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center, accessed 7 February 2024, chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9973.
SCRIPTURE, PASSAGES: Deuteronomy 9: The Perils of Overconfidence. The Torah. Edited by the Jewish Publication Society of America, 14th ed., Henry Holt, 2004, pp. 341-43.
SEARCH ENGINE RESULTS: Not a source--do not cite
SHORT STORY IN ANTHOLOGY: Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 1820. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert Levine et al., 9th ed., vol. B: 1820-1865, W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 41-60.
SHORT STORY, ONLINE: Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 1820. Project Gutenberg, 27 June 2022, gutenberg.org/files/41/41-h/41-h.
SNAP (SNAPCHAT): see ONLINE MEDIA
SOCIAL MEDIA: see ONLINE MEDIA
SONG: see MUSIC
SPEECH, LIVE: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." 7 March 2024, US Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.
SPEECH, TRANSCRIPT: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." Delivered on 7 March 2024, US Capitol Building, Washington, D.C., Office of the White House, accessed 20 March 2024, whitehouse.gov/state-of-the-union-2024. Transcript.
SPEECH, WATCHED LIVE ON TV: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." MSNBC, 7 March 2024. Live.
SPEECH, WATCHED LIVE, ONLINE LIVESTREAM: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." Livestreamed by Brian Tyler Cohen, YouTube, 7 March 2024, youtube.com/live/yE_Jewmi5u4.
SPEECH, WATCHED RECORDING: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." YouTube, uploaded by NBC News, 7 March 2024, youtu.be/al7ont2noYA.
TELEGRAM POST: see ONLINE MEDIA
TELEVISION CLIP POSTED ONLINE: "Bart Plays with Grandpa Simpson's Dentures." From "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie," The Simpsons, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. YouTube, uploaded by Simpsons Clips, 5 September 2018, youtu.be/mGxR3DxEdas.
TELEVISION COMMERCIAL: see ADVERTISEMENT
TELEVISION EPISODE: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992.
TELEVISION EPISODE, BROADCAST ON TV: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. FXX, 12 July 2023.
TELEVISION EPISODE, HOME MEDIA: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992, disc 2. DVD.
TELEVISION EPISODE, LIVE BROADCAST: "Dead Line." Inside No. 9, created by Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, series 4, BBC, 28 October 2018. Live, BBC Two.
TELEVISION EPISODE, STREAMED: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. Disney+ app.
TELEVISION, GAME SHOW: The Price is Right. Hosted by Drew Carey, season 52, CBS, 20 March 2024.
TELEVISION, NEWS OR TALK SHOW: NBC Nightly News. Hosted by Lester Holt, NBC Universal, 6 June 2016.
TELEVISION, NEWS OR TALK SHOW SEGMENT: "Saying Goodbye to the Greatest." NBC Nightly News, hosted by Lester Holt, NBC Universal, 6 June 2016.
THREADS POST: see ONLINE MEDIA
TIKTOK VIDEO: see ONLINE MEDIA
TEXT MESSAGE: see EMAIL
TWEET: see ONLINE MEDIA
UNPUBLISHED WRITING: Coon, Brandon. "Teacher of the Year." 2023. Manuscript.
VIDEO: see ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO
VIDEO GAME, CONSOLE: Doki Doki Literature Club Plus! Developed by Dan Salvato, Team Salvato, 2021. Nintendo Switch game.
VIDEO GAME, MOD: Doki Doki Literature Club! Monika After Story mod, developed by Backdash, version 0.12.15,20 September 2023, monikaafterstory.com. Original game developed by Dan Salvato, Team Salvato, 2017, store.steampowered.com/app/717250.
VIDEO GAME, ONLINE: Doki Doki Literature Club! Developed by Dan Salvato, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, store.steampowered.com/app/698780. Steam app.
VIDEO GAME, ONLINE DLC (DOWNLOADABLE CONTENT): Doki Doki Literature Club! Fan Pack DLC, Team Salvato, 2017, store.steampowered.com/app/717250.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMMING, AUDIO AND MUSIC: "heartbeat.ogg." Doki Doki Literature Club!, music composed by Dan Salvato, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/game/bgm.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMMING, IMAGE: "menu_art_y_ghost.png" Doki Doki Literature Club!, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/ddlc-renpy-project/game/gui.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMING, README FILE: "CAN YOU HEAR ME.txt" Doki Doki Literature Club!, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/game.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMMING, SCRIPT CODE: "script-ch5.rpy" Doki Doki Literature Club!, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/game.
VIDEO GAME, VR: Just Monica: DDLC VR. Fan Tribute to Doki Doki Literature Club!, developed by TTLC, Game Jolt app, accessed 18 January 2018, gamejolt.com/games/DDLCVR/311342
WEBEX MEETING: see SCHOOL, MEETING
WEBPAGE: Coon, Brandon. "MLA Citation: Ninth Edition." CoonWriting, 20 March 2024, coonwriting.com/mla.
WEBPAGE, NO AUTHOR: "MLA Style: A Quick Guide." MLA Style Center, Modern Language Association, 2024, style.mla.org/works-cited/works-cited-a-quick-guide.
WEBPAGE, NO DATE: "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue Online Writing Lab, Purdue U, accessed 20 March 2024, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_and_style_guide.
WEBPAGE, PUBLISHER SAME AS CONTAINER: "MLA 8th edition Referencing Guide." Citationsy, 19 March 2024, citationsy.com/styles/modern-language-association
WEBPAGE, SOURCE CODE: "mla.html." CoonWriting, 20 March 2024, coonwriting.com/mla. CCS.
WEB TEXT THAT IS AI GENERATED: "Please describe what zebra symbolizes in The Art of Racing in the Rain by Garth Stein." Google Gemini, basic version, 18 March 2024, gemini.google.com.
YOUTUBE: see ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO
ZOOM MEETING: see SCHOOL, ONLINE MEETING
ADVERTISEMENT, COMMERCIAL WATCHED ONLINE: "Mudd Takes Coachella for #DestinationMudd." YouTube, uploaded by Mudd Jeans, 29 April 2016, youtu.be/ZNLr6nPkPoU?si=MQ-CLBC7qzji7O8h.
ADVERTISEMENT, IN PRINT: Advertisement for Mudd apparel at Kohls. Teen Vogue, December 2016, pp. 30-31.
ADVERTISEMENT, IN PRINT BUT FOUND ONLINE: "Promo Code: DressLove." Facebook, Mudd Jeans, 3 March 2016, facebook.com/Mudd/photos/pb.100064505512086.-2207520000/10154002537901052. Sponsored Post.
ADVERTISEMENT, MAIL: "Shop Black Friday at Kohl's." Mailed to the author, 19 November 2016. Catalogue.
ADVERTISEMENT, PACKAGING TEXT: Washing instructions tag on Mudd Low Rise Flare Jeans. Product no. 4H0462, circa 2000.
ADVERTISEMENT, SIGN OR BILBOARD: Advertisement on bus stop sign for "Destination: Mudd." 21 October 2016, Centerplace Shopping Center, Greeley, Colorado.
ADVERTISEMENT, STICKERS AND APPAREL: "Mudd Jeans: The Starlight Cove, 21 and over welcome, New York, NY." Text on a woman's yellow t-shirt. Mudd Jeans, viewed by author on 19 October 2016, Kohl's Department Store, Greeley, Colorado.
ARTIFACT IN MUSEUM: The Folsom point. Circa 10,000 BCE, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado.
ARTWORK IN MUSEUM: van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
ARTWORK, MUSEUM DISPLAY TEXT: Wall text for Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
ARTWORK, ONLINE REPRODUCTION: van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889, Museum of Modern Art, accessed 18 March 2024, moma.org/collection/works/79802.
ARTWORK THAT IS AI GENERATED: "Generate a daylight scene that looks like Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh." Deep AI, standard version, 18 March 2024, deepai.org/machine-learning-model/text2img.
ARTICLE, ACADEMIC JOURNAL: Skov, Laurits et al. "Genetic Insights into the Social Organization of Neanderthals." Nature, vol. 610, no. 7932, 20 October 2022, pp. 519–525.
ARTICLE, MAGAZINE: Dickman, Kyle. "On Fire." Popular Science, November 2015, pp. 42-47.
ARTICLE, NEWSPAPER: Barry, Dan. "Just One Last Swirl Around the Bowl." The New York Times, 5 April 2009, p. ST6.
ARTICLE, ONLINE: Brunden, Jenny. "Safe2Tell Numbers Hit Record High with Hundreds of Reports of Suicide, Bullying, and School Complaints." CPR News, Colorado Public Radio, 12 March 2024, 2:23 p.m. MST, cpr.org/2024/03/12/safe2tell-numbers-hit-record-high-february-2024.
ARTICLE, ONLINE DATABASE: Wee, Valarie. “The Scream Trilogy, Hyperpostmodernism, and the Late-Nineties Teen Slasher Film.” Journal of Film and Video, vol. 57, no. 3, 2005, pp. 44–61. JSTOR, jstor.org/stable/20688497.
ARTICLE, ONLINE WITH DOI: Skov, Laurits et al. "Genetic Insights into the Social Organization of Neanderthals." Nature, vol. 610, no. 7932, 20 October 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05283-y.
AUDIO, LIVE BROADCAST: "From Anxiety to Cancer, the Evidence Against Ultra-processed Food Piles Up." Morning Edition, hosted by Steve Inskeep, report by Allison Aubrey, National Public Radio, KCFC 1490 18 March 2024, 6:31 a.m. MDT.
AUDIO, ONLINE RECORDING OF BROADCAST: Aubrey, Allison. "From Anxiety to Cancer, the Evidence Against Ultra-processed Food Piles Up." Morning Edition, hosted by Steve Inskeep, National Public Radio, 18 March 2024, 3:01 a.m. MDT, npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/18/1238939706.
AUDIO, ONLINE TRANSCRIPT OF BROADCAST: "From Anxiety to Cancer, the Evidence Against Ultra-processed Food Piles Up." Morning Edition, hosted by Steve Inskeep, report by Allison Aubrey, National Public Radio, 18 March 2024, 3:01 a.m. MDT, npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/18/1238939706. Transcript.
AUDIO, PODCAST EPISODE, APP: Smith, Kevin and Scott Mosier. "The Walrus and the Carpenter." Smodcast, no. 259, Smodco, 4 March 2014. Last.fm app.
AUDIO, PODCAST EPISODE, ONLINE: Smith, Kevin and Scott Mosier. "The Walrus and the Carpenter." Smodcast, no. 259, Smodco, 4 March 2014, smodcast.com/channel/smodcast?audio=259.
AUDIO, SONG: see MUSIC
BOOK: Backman, Fredrik. Anxious People. Atria Books, 2020.
BOOK, AUDIO EDITION: Backman, Fredrik. Anxious People. Narrated by Marin Ireland, audiobook ed., Simon and Schuster Audio, 2020. Audible app.
BOOK, CHAPTER: Backman, Fredrik. "Chapter 3: It's the day before New Year's Eve . . . ." Anxious People. Atria Books, 2020, pp. 5--9.
BOOK, DIGITAL EDITION: Backman, Fredrik. Anxious People. Kindle ed., Atria Books, 2020.
BOOK, EDITOR AS AUTHOR: Greer, Andrew John, editor. The Best American Short Stories 2022. Mariner Books, 2022.
BOOK, IN A SERIES: Applegate, K.A. Enter the Enchanted. Everworld no. 3, Scholastic, 1999.
BOOK, NO AUTHOR: Diary of an Oxygen Thief. 2006. Gallery Books, 2014.
BOOK, SECTION: Obejas, Achy. Introduction. Days of Awe, Ballantine Books, 2021, pp. ix--xi.
BOOK, SELF PUBLISHED: Leger, Marie-France. A Hue of Blu. 2023.
BOOK, SPECIAL EDITION: Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. 1953. 60th anniversary ed., Simon and Schuster, 2013.
BOOK WITH CONTRIBUTORS: Weinersmith, Zach. Augie and the Green Knight. Illustrated by Boulet, Bredpig, 2015.
BOOK WITH ORIGINAL PUBLISHING DATE: Alighieri, Dante. Inferno. 1322. Translated by Michael Palma, Norton, 2002.
COMIC, INDIVIDUAL ISSUE: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. "Mommy Made of Nails." Batman and Robin, vol. 1, no. 3, DC Comics, October 2009.
COMIC, INDIVIDUAL ISSUE, DIGITAL EDITION: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. "Mommy Made of Nails." Batman and Robin, ComiXology ed., vol. 1, no. 3, DC Comics, October 2009, amazon.com/Batman-Robin-2009-2011-3-ebook/dp/B00LWI2WNM.
COMIC, INDIVIDUAL ISSUE IN PRINT COLLECTION: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. "Chapter 3: Mommy Made of Nails." Batman Reborn, Batman and Robin vol. 1, collection 1. DC Comics, 2010, pp. 53--78.
COMIC, ONLINE ONLY: Weinersmith, Zach. "Homework." Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal, 3 February 2019, 10:06 a.m., smbc-comics.com/comic/homework.
COMIC, ORIGINAL GRAPHIC NOVEL: Moon, Fabio and Gabriel Ba. Daytripper. 2010. Vertigo, 2014.
COMIC, PRINT COLLECTION: Morrison, Grant and Frank Quitely. Batman Reborn. Batman and Robin vol. 1, collection 1. DC Comics, 2010.
DICTIONARY ENTRY: see REFERENCE
EMAIL: Coon, Brandon. Email to the author. 15 May 2018.
FACEBOOK: see ONLINE MEDIA
FILM: Jaws. Directed by Stephen Spielberg, Universal, 1975.
FILM, BONUS FEATURE: "Spotlight on Location: The Making of Jaws." Jaws, 25th anniversary ed., Universal, 1975. DVD.
FILM CLIP POSTED ONLINE: "You're Gonna Need a Bigger Boat." From Jaws, Universal, 1975. YouTube, uploaded by Movieclips, 16 June 2011, youtu.be/2I91DJZKRxs.
FILM, FESTIVAL SCREENING, NO DISTRIBUTOR: Girls Will Be Girls. Directed by Shuchi Talati, 2023. Screened at Sundance Film Festival, 25 January 2024, Park City, Utah.
FILM, INFORMATIONAL SITE: "Jaws: Crazy Credits." IMDb, accessed 14 February 2024, imdb.com/title/tt0073195/crazycredits.
FILM, REVIEW, USER RATING OR SCORE: Aggregate score for Jaws, 1975. Rotten Tomatoes, accessed 14 February 2024, rottentomatoes.com/m/jaws.
FILM, REVIEW, VIDEO: Murrell, Dan. "Why I Love Jaws." [review] YouTube, 2 May 2020, youtu.be/MHkMHpGqAXw.
FILM, REVIEW, WRITTEN: Ebert, Roger. Review of Jaws, 1975. Roger Ebert Reviews, Ebert Digital, 20 August 2000, rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-jaws-1975.
FILM SCORE AND SOUNDTRACK: see MUSIC, FILM
FILM, SHORT: Poison. Directed by Wes Anderson, based on the Roald Dahl story, Indian Paintbrush, 2023. Netflix app.
FILM, SPECIAL EDITION: Jaws. Directed by Steven Spielberg, 4K Ultra HD steel book ed., Universal, 1975. Blu-Ray.
FILM, STUDENT: Class Clown. Directed by Jack Dennis Smith, created for Advanced Acting with Mr. Coon, Spring 2022, Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
FOOD LABEL: see ADVERTISEMENT, PACKAGING TEXT
GOOGLE SEARCH RESULTS: Not a source--do not cite
GOVERNMENT BILL: Colorado, General Assembly, State Senate. Repeal the Death Penalty. Colorado General Assembly record, leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb20-100. 72nd General Assembly, 2nd Session, Senate Bill 20-100, passed 23 March 2020.
GOVERNMENT COURT DECISION: Colorado, Supreme Court. Griswold v. Anderson. Colorado Judicial Branch record, Supreme Court case no. 23SA300, 19 December 2023, courts.state.co.us/userfiles/file/Court_Probation/Supreme_Court/Opinions/2023/23SA300.pdf
GOVERNMENT COURT DECISION, DISSENT OR CONCURRENT OPINION: Barrett, Amy Coney. Concurring opinion. Trump v. Anderson. United States Supreme Court, 4 March 2024, supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-719_19m2.pdf.
GOVERNMENT, EXECUTIVE ORDER OR CRIMINAL PARDON: Colorado, Office of the Governor [Jared Polis]. Executive order D 2022-004: Declaring a Disaster Emergency Due to the Marshall Fire and Straight-Line Winds in Boulder County and Authorizing Employment of the Colorado National Guard. Office of the Governor record, 27 January 2022, colorado.gov/governor/sites/default/files/inline-files/D%202022%20004%20Marshall%20Fire%20EO_0.pdf.
GOVERNMENT SESSION OR HEARING: Colorado, General Assembly, House. Concerning a Bill of Rights for Youth in Foster Care. Colorado General Assembly record, 9 February 2024, sg001-harmony.sliq.net/00327/Harmony/en/PowerBrowser/
PowerBrowserV2/20240209/-1/15340. Audio recording.
GOVERNMENT, LEGAL FORM OR AFFIDAVIT: Rifle Police Department [Colorado]. Affidavit Concerning Arrest of Tyler J. Boebert. Colorado Judicial Branch record, 27 February 2024, courts.state.co.us/Media/Opinion_Docs/24CR57%20Tyler%20Boebert%20affi%
20redactions.pdf. Partially redacted for public release.
GOVERNMENT, LEGAL STATUTES AND LAWS, ONLINE DATABASE: Colorado, General Assembly. CRS 20-1-120: Rights of Free Expression for Public School Students. Colorado Revised Statutes, revised 2021. LexusNexus, advance.lexis.com/api/document/
collection/statutes-legislation/id/62PC-1DC3-CH1B-T3HV-00008-00.
GOVERNMENT, LEGAL STATUTES AND LAWS, PUBLICATION: Colorado, General Assembly. CRS 20-1-120: Rights of Free Expression for Public School Students. Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 22: Education, revised 2023, pp. 21--23. State of Colorado, leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2023-title-22.pdf.
GOVERNMENT REPORT OR PAMPHLET: Student Attendance State Policy. Colorado Department of Education, December 2022, cde.state.co.us/dropoutprevention/studentattendancefaq2022.
GOVERNMENT, SUPREME GOVERNING DOCUMENTS: Colorado Constitution. 1876. Colorado General Assembly record,accessed 19 March 2024. LexusNexus, advance.lexis.com/container?config=0155JAAyMzg2MTYzZi1jMWNlLTRlOTQtODVjZS0xZTU0MDg1YmQ0
OTUKAFBvZENhdGFsb2eEcVf2aFZwpM1qua3EYcVa
GOVERNMENT, TREATIES: Treaty with the Cheyenne and Arapaho [Little Arkansas Treaty]. Signed 14 October 1865. Trial Treaties Database, Oklahoma State U, accessed 19 March 2024, treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-cheyenne-and-arapaho-1865-0887. Treaty between United States and the native Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.
INSTAGRAM: see ONLINE MEDIA
INTERVIEW, PERSONAL: Santos, Jennifer. Interview. Conducted by the author, 4 April 2023.
INTERVIEW, PUBLISHED TEXT: Wiesel, Elie. Interview. Conducted by Georg Klein, 10 December 2004, nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/interview.
INTERVIEW, PUBLISHED VIDEO: Wiesel, Elie. Interview with Elie Wiesel. Conducted by Georg Klein, 10 December 2004.
INTERVIEW, TELEVISION: Wiesel, Elie. Interview. Conducted by Oprah Winfrey, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Harpo Entertainment, 24 May 2006. YouTube, uploaded by OWN, 15 January 2009, youtu.be/Igjj870VMts.
INTERVIEW, WATCHED LIVE: Campbell, Neve et al. "Scream Q&A." Panel interview with Campbell, Matthew Lillard, Jamie Kennedy, and Skeet Ulrich. Salt Lake FanX, 22 September 2023, Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
LETTER, PUBLISHED IN BOOK: Vonnegut, Kurt. Letter to Xavier High School, et al. 5 November 2006. Letters of Note: An Eclectic Collection of Correspondence Deserving of a Wider Audience. Compiled by Shaun Usher, vol. 2, Chronical Books, 2016, p. 264.
LETTER, PUBLISHED ONLINE: Vonnegut, Kurt. Letter to Xavier High School, et al. 5 November 2006. Letters of Note, 5 November 2021, news.lettersofnote.com/p/make-your-soul-grow.
LETTER, UNPUBLISHED: Parr, Chris T. Postcard to the author. 17 July 2019/
MOVIE: see FILM
MUSIC, LIVE CONCERT: Dead and Company. Farewell Tour. 3 July 2023, Folsom Field, Boulder, Colorado.
MUSIC, LIVE CONCERT RECORDING: Dead and Company. Farewell Tour. 3 July 2023, Folsom Field, Boulder, Colorado. Uploaded by Nugs.net, accessed 14 March 2024, nugs.net/live-download-of-dead-and-company-folsom-field-boulder-co-07-03-2023-mp3-flac-or-online-music-streaming/32678.html.
MUSIC, NO ALBUM (SINGLE RELEASE): Grateful Dead. "Ripple." 1970. Rerelease, Warner, 2018. 7" Vinyl.
MUSIC, SHEET BY ITSELF: Hunter, Robert and Jerry Garcia. "Ripple." Arrangement for vocals / piano / guitar, Ice Nine Publishing, 1971, virtualsheetmusic.com/score/HL-295851.
MUSIC, SHEET FROM A BOOK: Hunter, Robert and Jerry Garcia. "Ripple." Whoa Ho! What I Want to Know How Does the Song Go?: The Complete Grateful Dead Songbook, Lyrics and Chords: 1965-1995. Final ed., GD Songbooks, 2023, p. 93.
MUSIC, SONG, COVER ON ALBUM: Jane's Addiction. "Ripple." Originally performed by the Grateful Dead, Rev, Warner, 1999.
MUSIC, SONG, COVER ONLINE: Lindgren, Toni. "Ripple." Originally performed by the Grateful Dead, YouTube, uploaded by Ellie and Toni, 25 December 2023, youtu.be/MpNbcCbqCSg.
MUSIC, SONG FROM ALBUM: Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1970.
MUSIC, SONG FROM ALBUM, SPECIAL EDITION: Grateful Dead. "Ripple, Single Version." 1970. American Beauty, expanded and remastered ed., Warner, 2001. CD.
MUSIC, SONG FROM FILM/TV, DIAGETIC (PERFORMED BY ACTORS): Vazquez, Yul [Dead Head Gill]. "Ripple." In Runaway Bride, starring Julia Roberts and Richard Gere, Paramount, 1999.
MUSIC, SONG FROM FILM/TV, NONDIAGETIC (SOUNDTRACK OR SCORE): Grateful Dead. "Ripple." In "Discos and Dragons," Freaks and Geeks, season 1, episode 18, Dreamworks, 2000.
MUSIC, SONG FROM STAGE MUSICAL: Hunter, Robert and Jerry Garcia. "Ripple" Red Roses, Green Gold, arranged for the stage by Jeff Chimenti, performed by Scott Wakefield and Maggie Hollinbeck, 18 March 2018, Minetta Lane Theatre, New York City.
MUSIC, STREAMED: Grateful Dead. "Ripple." American Beauty, Warner, 1970. Spotify app.
MUSIC, SUPPLEMENT TO ALBUM: Grateful Dead. Liner Notes. American Beauty, Warner, 1970. Vinyl.
MUSIC VIDEO (OFFICIAL): Grateful Dead: Touch of Grey. Directed by Gary Gutierrez, Grateful Dead Productions, 1987. YouTube, uploaded by Grateful Dead, 21 December 2012, youtu.be/mzvk0fWtCs0.
ONLINE MEDIA, GAME: see VIDEO GAME, ONLINE
ONLINE MEDIA, LIVESTREAM: "First annual Halloween Live stream!" The Horror Bandwagon, 31 October 2023, 7:30 p.m. MST, twitch.tv/thehorrorbandwagon.
ONLINE MEDIA, MEME: Marroquin, Sergio [@thehorrorbandwagon]. "Me when they finally drop the 'Halloween Kills' full trailer" Versailles Run meme. Instagram, 20 May 2021, 5:40 p.m. CST, instagram.com/p/CPHKMniAHib.
ONLINE MEDIA, MESSAGE ON COMMUNITY SERVER: Holy Hayden. Message posted in the #Horror News channel of The Horror Bandwagon Discord, 28 January 2024 7:05 p.m. MST, discord.com/channels/1073771439485886485.
ONLINE MEDIA, ORIGINAL ART: Manalang, Austeen [@fauxteen]. "The Horror Bandwagon logo." Behance, 11 March 2021, behance.net/gallery/115200075/The-Horror-Bandwagon.
ONLINE MEDIA, PODCAST EPISODE, APP: see AUDIO, PODCAST
ONLINE MEDIA, PODCAST EPISODE, EMBEDDED PLAYER: Marroquin, Sergio and Cody Beaver, hosts. “Her name was Lola: The Loved Ones, 2009." The Horror Bandwagon Podcast, season 3, episode 324, 13 July 2022. The Horror Bandwagon, accessed 20 March 2024, thehorrorbandwagon.com.
ONLINE MEDIA, POST: Marroquin, Sergio [@thehorrorbandwagon]. "We were warned about this movie and we still weren’t prepared! Join us as we try to survive the night and wrath of Jane Doe! Reaction is out now!" Instagram, 16 July 2023, 3:16 p.m. CST, instagram.com/p/CuxXaC1Pun0.
ONLINE MEDIA, POST COMMENT: @aimee_gray421. Comment on "We were warned about this movie and we still weren’t . . . ." Instagram, 16 July 2023, instagram.com/p/CuxXaC1Pun0.
ONLINE MEDIA, PRODUCT REVIEW: @horrorfan6six6. Review of "The Horror Bandwagon Classic Logo Sweatshirt," The Horror Bandwagon, 6 November 2023, thehorrorbandwagon.com/merch/p/the-horror-bandwagon-classic-logo.
ONLINE MEDIA, SUBSCRIBER-ONLY CONTENT: “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003) Full Watch Along." The Horror Bandwagon Podcast, Patreon exclusive, 29 December 2023, patreon.com/thehorrorbandwagon.
ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO: “Hatcher (2006) First Time Watch Left Us Shook and Grossed Out!" YouTube, uploaded by The Horror Bandwagon, 2 September 2022, youtu.be/E-XqJ3hGcWc.
ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO, EMBEDDED PLAYER: “Hatcher (2006) First Time Watch Left Us Shook and Grossed Out!" YouTube, uploaded by The Horror Bandwagon, 2 September 2022. The Horror Bandwagon, accessed 20 March 2024, thehorrorbandwagon.com.
POEM, IN ANTHOLOGY: Mehigan, Josh. "The Orange Bottle." Accepting the Disaster: Poems. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014, pp. 45-61.
POEM, IN BOOK THAT ISN'T AN ANTHOLOGY: Mathers, E. Powys, translator. "Black Marigolds." From Chaurapanchasika, circa eleventh century India. Found in Cannery Row by John Steinbeck. 1945. Centennial ed., Penguin, 2002, pp. 128--129, 135--136.
POEM, IN MAGAZINE: Mehigan, Joshua. "The Orange Bottle." Poetry, edited by Christian Wiman, vol. 201, no. 5, February 2013, pp. 507-519.
POEM, LIVE PERFORMANCE: Mehigan, Josh. "The Orange Bottle." Performed by Elisabeth Kulesus, Undergrad Poetry Slam night, 23 March 2021, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley.
POEM, NO TITLE: Dickenson, Emily. "There's a certain Slant of light." 1861. Poetry Foundation, accessed 20 February 2024, poetryfoundation.org/poems/45723.
POEM, ONLINE: Mehigan, Josh. "The Orange Bottle." Poetry Foundation, accessed March 20 2024, poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/56038.
PLAY: Simon, Neil. Rumors. Samuel French, 1990.
PLAY IN ANTHOLOGY: Simon, Neil. Rumors. The Collected Plays of Neil Simon. Vol. 4, Simon and Schuster, 1998 pp. 8--103.
PLAY, LIVE PERFORMANCE: Simon, Neil. Rumors. Directed by Emily Ferguson, Frederick Theatre, 19 April 2019,Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
PLAY, MUSICAL CONTRIBUTERS: Simon, Neil, librettist. Sweet Charity. 1966. Music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Dorothy Fields, Concord Theatricals, 2016.
PLAY, MONOLOGUE FROM: Simon, Neil. "Lenny's Final Monologue." From Rumors, Samuel French, 1990, pp. 91-94.
PLAY, PROGRAM FROM: Program from Rumors by Neil Simon at Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado. 19 April 2019.
PLAY, PERFORMANCE NOTES: Simon, Neil. Notes on Required Music. Rumors. Samuel French, 1990, p. 3.
RECIPE, FROM COOKBOOK: Bittman, Mark. "Snickerdoodles." How to Bake Everything: Simple Recipes for the Best Baking. Illustrated ed., How to Cook Everything vol. 7, Harvest, 2016, pp. 170-171.
RECIPE, ONLINE: Sigworth, Beth. "Mrs. Sigg's Snickerdoodles." All Recipes, 23 June 2023, allrecipes.com/recipe/10687/mrs-siggs-snickerdoodles.
RECIPE, UNPUBLISHED: Fleming, Betty June. "Snickerdoodles." Family recipe of author. 1935?
REFERENCE, DICTIONARY ENTRY, IN PRINT: "Physical, Adj. ( 2 )." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. 11th ed., Merrium-Webster, 2019, p. 935.
REFERENCE, DICTIONARY ENTRY, ONLINE: "Digital, Adj. ( 1 )." Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2024, merriam-webster.com/dictionary/digital.
REFERENCE, ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRY: "Internet." Wikipedia, accessed 2 March 2024, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.
REFERENCE, MAP, IN ATLAS: "Colorado." Rand McNally Road Atlas & National Park Guide 2024. Rand McNally, 2024, p. 20.
REFERENCE MAP, ONLINE: Map of Colorado. Google Maps, 2024, maps.google.com.
REFERENCE, MAP, SINGLE: Colorado State Map. Rand McNally, 2021.
REFERENCE, RAW DATA SET: "Elon Musk Donor Record." Open Secrets, accessed 18 March 2024, docs.google.com/spreadsheets/
d/1nwtqu93Cuobth6a6e6eLHPbSPfkB_2qN5huaHW6uTBo
REFERENCE, WALL POSTER: "Periodic Table of Elements." Place Learning, viewed 20 January 2024, Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
SCHOOL, ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS ON LMS: "Unit 3 Narrative: Double Vision Instructions." Sophomore English, taught by Brandon Coon. Schoology, Frederick High School, spring 2024, schoology.svvsd.org/course/7086611895/materials/discussion/
view/7159009090.
SCHOOL, ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION, UNPUBLISHED: Watson, Hannah. "Melody." For Creative Writing, taught by Brandon Coon. Frederick High School, fall 2022.
SCHOOL, CLASS RESOURCE DOCUMENT, ONLINE: "Dialectical Journal Template." Sophomore English, taught by Brandon Coon. Schoology, Frederick High School, spring 2024, schoology.svvsd.org/course/7086611895/materials/gp/7098090294.
SCHOOL, CLASS RESOURCE DOCUMENT, PHYSICAL: "Dialectical Journal Template." Sophomore English, taught by Brandon Coon. Schoology, Frederick High School, spring 2024. Handout.
SCHOOL. CLASS SYLLABUS: Syllabus for AP Literature and Composition. Taught by Brandon Coon, 2018-2019 academic year, Frederick High School, Frederick, Colorado.
SCHOOL, LECTURE, LIVE: Coon, Brandon. Lecture on Verb Conjugation. Freshman English, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School.
SCHOOL, LECTURE, ONLINE: Coon, Brandon. Lecture on Verb Conjugation. WebEx. Freshman English, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School.
SCHOOL, LECTURE, RECORDING: Coon, Brandon. Lecture on Verb Conjugation. Freshman English, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School. Schoology, uploaded 14 March 2024, schoology.svvsd.org/assignment/7100241506/info.
SCHOOL, LECTURE OR READING NOTES: Santoya, Carlos. Notes on Lecture on Verb Conjugation. Freshman English, taught by Bandon Coon, 13 March 2024, Frederick High School.
SCHOOL, MEETING OUTSIDE CLASS, IN PERSON: Meeting of the Student Advisory Board. Frederick High School, 13 March 2024, Frederick, Colorado.
SCHOOL, MEETING OUTSIDE CLASS, ONLINE: Meeting of the Student Advisory Board. Frederick High School, 13 March 2024, Frederick, Colorado, online.
SCHOOL, ONLINE SLIDE DECK: Coon, Brandon. "Intimacy Work for High School Actors." Google Slides, accessed 14 February 2024, docs.google.com/presentation/d/1GIez2EnV4j2q3J8RW66hIwzOKfbtf39BvcdBOA8cwbc. Slide 18.
SCRIPTURE, ENTIRE BOOK: The Torah. Edited by the Jewish Publication Society of America. 14th ed., Henry Holt, 2004.
SCRIPTURE, ONLINE: Devarim [Deuteronomy] 9:1--29. The Torah. Chabad.org, Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center, accessed 7 February 2024, chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/9973.
SCRIPTURE, PASSAGES: Deuteronomy 9: The Perils of Overconfidence. The Torah. Edited by the Jewish Publication Society of America, 14th ed., Henry Holt, 2004, pp. 341-43.
SEARCH ENGINE RESULTS: Not a source--do not cite
SHORT STORY IN ANTHOLOGY: Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 1820. The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited by Robert Levine et al., 9th ed., vol. B: 1820-1865, W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 41-60.
SHORT STORY, ONLINE: Irving, Washington. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." 1820. Project Gutenberg, 27 June 2022, gutenberg.org/files/41/41-h/41-h.
SNAP (SNAPCHAT): see ONLINE MEDIA
SOCIAL MEDIA: see ONLINE MEDIA
SONG: see MUSIC
SPEECH, LIVE: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." 7 March 2024, US Capitol Building, Washington, D.C.
SPEECH, TRANSCRIPT: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." Delivered on 7 March 2024, US Capitol Building, Washington, D.C., Office of the White House, accessed 20 March 2024, whitehouse.gov/state-of-the-union-2024. Transcript.
SPEECH, WATCHED LIVE ON TV: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." MSNBC, 7 March 2024. Live.
SPEECH, WATCHED LIVE, ONLINE LIVESTREAM: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." Livestreamed by Brian Tyler Cohen, YouTube, 7 March 2024, youtube.com/live/yE_Jewmi5u4.
SPEECH, WATCHED RECORDING: Biden, Joseph R. "State of the Union Address 2024." YouTube, uploaded by NBC News, 7 March 2024, youtu.be/al7ont2noYA.
TELEGRAM POST: see ONLINE MEDIA
TELEVISION CLIP POSTED ONLINE: "Bart Plays with Grandpa Simpson's Dentures." From "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie," The Simpsons, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. YouTube, uploaded by Simpsons Clips, 5 September 2018, youtu.be/mGxR3DxEdas.
TELEVISION COMMERCIAL: see ADVERTISEMENT
TELEVISION EPISODE: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992.
TELEVISION EPISODE, BROADCAST ON TV: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. FXX, 12 July 2023.
TELEVISION EPISODE, HOME MEDIA: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992, disc 2. DVD.
TELEVISION EPISODE, LIVE BROADCAST: "Dead Line." Inside No. 9, created by Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith, series 4, BBC, 28 October 2018. Live, BBC Two.
TELEVISION EPISODE, STREAMED: "Itchy and Scratchy: The Movie." The Simpsons, created by Matt Groening, season 4, episode 6, Twentieth Century Fox, 1992. Disney+ app.
TELEVISION, GAME SHOW: The Price is Right. Hosted by Drew Carey, season 52, CBS, 20 March 2024.
TELEVISION, NEWS OR TALK SHOW: NBC Nightly News. Hosted by Lester Holt, NBC Universal, 6 June 2016.
TELEVISION, NEWS OR TALK SHOW SEGMENT: "Saying Goodbye to the Greatest." NBC Nightly News, hosted by Lester Holt, NBC Universal, 6 June 2016.
THREADS POST: see ONLINE MEDIA
TIKTOK VIDEO: see ONLINE MEDIA
TEXT MESSAGE: see EMAIL
TWEET: see ONLINE MEDIA
UNPUBLISHED WRITING: Coon, Brandon. "Teacher of the Year." 2023. Manuscript.
VIDEO: see ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO
VIDEO GAME, CONSOLE: Doki Doki Literature Club Plus! Developed by Dan Salvato, Team Salvato, 2021. Nintendo Switch game.
VIDEO GAME, MOD: Doki Doki Literature Club! Monika After Story mod, developed by Backdash, version 0.12.15,20 September 2023, monikaafterstory.com. Original game developed by Dan Salvato, Team Salvato, 2017, store.steampowered.com/app/717250.
VIDEO GAME, ONLINE: Doki Doki Literature Club! Developed by Dan Salvato, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, store.steampowered.com/app/698780. Steam app.
VIDEO GAME, ONLINE DLC (DOWNLOADABLE CONTENT): Doki Doki Literature Club! Fan Pack DLC, Team Salvato, 2017, store.steampowered.com/app/717250.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMMING, AUDIO AND MUSIC: "heartbeat.ogg." Doki Doki Literature Club!, music composed by Dan Salvato, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/game/bgm.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMMING, IMAGE: "menu_art_y_ghost.png" Doki Doki Literature Club!, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/ddlc-renpy-project/game/gui.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMING, README FILE: "CAN YOU HEAR ME.txt" Doki Doki Literature Club!, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/game.
VIDEO GAME, PROGRAMMING, SCRIPT CODE: "script-ch5.rpy" Doki Doki Literature Club!, version 1.1.1, Team Salvato, 2018, DDLC/game.
VIDEO GAME, VR: Just Monica: DDLC VR. Fan Tribute to Doki Doki Literature Club!, developed by TTLC, Game Jolt app, accessed 18 January 2018, gamejolt.com/games/DDLCVR/311342
WEBEX MEETING: see SCHOOL, MEETING
WEBPAGE: Coon, Brandon. "MLA Citation: Ninth Edition." CoonWriting, 20 March 2024, coonwriting.com/mla.
WEBPAGE, NO AUTHOR: "MLA Style: A Quick Guide." MLA Style Center, Modern Language Association, 2024, style.mla.org/works-cited/works-cited-a-quick-guide.
WEBPAGE, NO DATE: "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue Online Writing Lab, Purdue U, accessed 20 March 2024, owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_and_style_guide.
WEBPAGE, PUBLISHER SAME AS CONTAINER: "MLA 8th edition Referencing Guide." Citationsy, 19 March 2024, citationsy.com/styles/modern-language-association
WEBPAGE, SOURCE CODE: "mla.html." CoonWriting, 20 March 2024, coonwriting.com/mla. CCS.
WEB TEXT THAT IS AI GENERATED: "Please describe what zebra symbolizes in The Art of Racing in the Rain by Garth Stein." Google Gemini, basic version, 18 March 2024, gemini.google.com.
YOUTUBE: see ONLINE MEDIA, VIDEO
ZOOM MEETING: see SCHOOL, ONLINE MEETING
Page last updated 29 March 2024.
FURTHER READING
"Chapter 5: The List of Works Cited." MLA Handbook. 9th ed., The Modern Language Association of America, 2021, pp. 105--226.
Appendix 2: Works-Cited-List-Entries by Format. MLA Handbook. 9th ed., The Modern Language Association of America, 2021, pp. 303-46.
Appendix 2: Works-Cited-List-Entries by Format. MLA Handbook. 9th ed., The Modern Language Association of America, 2021, pp. 303-46.